VOICES RISING
YEAR III - VOL 3. Nº143.1
June 16, 2005

CONTENT

SPECIAL ISSUE: JUNE 16th.  DAY OF THE AFRICAN CHILD - AFRICAN WHITE BAND DAY

On June 16, GCAP coalitions across Africa organised joint actions to mark the Day of the African Child. The Day of the African child is an annual event to mark the 1976 massacre of Soweto children by the apartheid regime. GCAP coalitions have chosen this date to have an African White Band Day and to make a regional plea for leaders to take immediate action to end the extreme poverty that leads to a child dying every three seconds

1.- Africa launches first global anti-poverty  "White Band Day’ on June 16
2.- Over 3.5 million friends already made and are on their way to the G8…
3.- Gender and GCAP Africa - Statement
4.-NAIROBI STATEMENT: Eradicating poverty through fulfilling commitments and upholding Women’s Rights
5.- NAIROBI STATEMENT: Women’s Rights, Aid, Trade and Debt

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1.- Africa launches first global anti-poverty  "White Band Day’ on June 16

On June 16, the day of the African Child, civil society and the public around Africa will join hands with the rest of the continent and the world to give a “Thumbs Down to Poverty” as part of a global anti-poverty campaign.

The various African events are being held two weeks
prior to the G8 Summit in Gleneagles, Scotland, and will signal the launch of the Global Call to Action against Poverty (GCAP) campaign in Africa. This will be Africa’s first ‘White Band Day’, in which everyone is asked to where a simple white band to show their solidarity with the campaign. The aim is to send a clear message to G8 leadership that Africa will no longer silently wait for others to fight for it.

The GCAP or ‘White Band’ campaign is an international network of civil society organisations and citizens that is campaigning to end poverty and achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Rich country campaigns are focusing on quality of aid, debt cancellation and trade justice, while national campaigns in poor countries are focusing on eliminating poverty and achieving the MDGs in a way that is sustainable and implemented in a way that is democratic, transparent, and accountable to citizens.

The South African events will include a full-day of soccer matches, music, dance poetry and presentations on education, aid, trade and debt, in Chiawelo, Soweto. They will be hosted by Soweto Mountain of Hope (SOMOHO), South African Catholic Bishops Conference (SACBC), South African Non-Governmental Organisation Coalition (SANGOCO), Oxfam SA and the Environmental Justice Networking Forum (EGNF)

“As long as poverty, injustice and gross inequality persist in our world, none of us can truly rest,” said Nelson R. Mandela, a patron of the GCAP campaign at the campaign launch in London in February 2005.

The Soweto event  be followed by a media cocktail party to officially launch the ‘Click ads’ of African celebrities showing their support for GCAP.

ENDS
For more information please contact:
·       Soweto Mountain of Hope
·       South African NGO Coalition  www.sangco.org.za
·       CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation  www.civicus.org
·       
Global Call to Action Against Poverty website www.whiteband.org
·       Environmental Justice Networking Forum
George Monyeke
Media & Communications Unit
Tel: 011 - 403 8978, Fax: 011 - 339 3859 Cel: 072 789 7461
Email: george@ejnf.org.za
CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation is hosting the global secretariat of the ‘Global Call to Action against Poverty’ campaign

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2.- Over 3.5 million friends already made and are on their way to the G8…

From today, 16th June, the Day of the African Child and the GCAP Africa’s White Band Day, 18 countries around the world  will hold high-profile ‘send-off’ events to launch the ‘friends’ on their journey to take young people’s demands to Scotland or combine their GCAP plans with messages from the Send My Friend to School campaign... 3.5 million ‘friends’ have already been made

Campaigners hope the events around the world will attract further media attention and mobilise public opinion in favour of increased G8 aid commitments and debt cancellation, with a particular emphasis on our collective responsibility to make sure every girl and boy in the world can go to school.

Currently only 1 in 2 African children gets even a primary school education and there are 22 million African girls who don’t attend school at all. Please log onto
www.sendmyfriend.info or  www.sendmyfriend.org before the end of the month, and make an on-line friend to help us reach our target of 1 million friends for the G8. This is a great activity to do with your own children or your child’s class at school to help introduce them to the fight against global poverty and exclusion.
 
Highlights of national plans for June 16 ‘send-off’ events, which are being supported by UNAIDS among others, include …

Senegal…

Around an international ‘Dakar +5’conference organised by UNESCO, the national education coalition is holding a huge lobby meeting with the President of Senegal on 16 June. At this event all the messages and 'friends' cut outs made during the GCE GAW will be handed over. They plan to involve 500 children and well-known Senegalese celebrities such as and musicians Youssou Ndour and Baaba Maal as well as the media.
Contact: Souleye Gorbal Sy
Coalept@yahoo.fr

 Brazil…
The National Campaign for the Right to Education, an alliance of teachers’ unions, NGOs and social movements, will hand over 15 “mamulengo” puppets ( giant show puppets  used at Carnival time in Brazil) to the Finance Minister and the British Embassy on the 30th June before the G8 meeting. The puppets will also take part in the ‘big hug’ that GCAP is planning around the Treasury building on July 1.The puppets will represent segments of Brazilian fundamental education in a  situation of vulnerability: children’s education, rural education, education of the Afro-descendant population, education of  bearers of special needs.
In Brasilia (capital city of Brazil) the puppets will be paraded in a colored car (bearing the sign “Towards Scotland”). Young campaigners will depart from a community with serious educational problems in the outskirts of the city and will take a small courier bag to the G8 British Embassy. Afterwards the puppets will deliver a message from the National Campaign to the Minister for the Treasury and will proceed to the Airport. From there will depart to Scotland.
Contact:
fernanda.pereira@acaoeducativa.org

 South Africa…
Two linked events are being organised by GCAP and GCE members, including SANGOCO, SACC, EJNF, SAMOHO and Oxfam, to commemorate the June 16 schoolchildren’s uprising and mobilise the youth for the ongoing struggle against poverty and injustice. The 1976 youth uprising that is commemorated on
 June 16 was sparked by the fight for equal chances at quality education..
At the Soweto museum dedicated to the memory of Hector Pieterson (the boy who was killed by police in the 1976 riots), 200 students from 14 local schools will participate in a morning seminar in dialogue with activists from the 1976 generation. In the afternoon, 50 of these young people will travel along with the cut-out ‘Friends’ they have made, to join a massive rally at the Soweto ‘Mound of Hope’ featuring cultural events and a march.

 Mr Boateng, High Commissioner to South Africa will also take part in the African launch of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty (GCAP),
www.whiteband.org).
At 3 pm some schoolchildren from nearby Soweto schools will be taking the stage to talk about the giant cut-out 'friends' they have made to represent their call to action on behalf of Africa's 40 million out of school children. They are part of the 'Send My Friend to School' campaign (
www.sendmyfriend.info)   which already mobilised millions of children and teachers in more than 100 countries. At the G8 summit next month, Make Poverty History is presenting over 2 million cut-out 'Friends' from all over the world to the G8 leaders. The Soweto schoolkids would like to hand over their Friends to Mr Boateng and get his assurance that he will take their messages to Tony Blair and make sure they are heard at Gleneagles. Mr Boateng is invited to give a short response and to explain why free education  is an integral part of the Africa Commission's vision.
It is expected that there will be a good turnout on the 16th from international as well as local media.

 UK…
 A huge event on the South Bank in London will take place on 16th. This will be an opening/private view of the Send My Friend to School
exhibition created by famous Danish artist Olafur Eliasson. They will be inviting children from various schools who have been involved in the Send My Friend to School campaign, coalition members, celebrities involved in the campaign and a select group of media. VIP guest is Gordon Brown (TBC).

The event will be led by the children as Send My Friend to School is seen as the children's strand of Make Poverty History. Children will show guests round the exhibition.

US…
The Centre for Universal Education, teachers’ unions and the Basic Education coalition are hosting an event on Capitol Hill bringing students who have been involved in ‘friend making’ in the US to meet with Congress-people and people from State Department or Education Department on 16th June.

On the afternoon of the 16th, media representatives will be invited to either a formal event or public display of friends mounted by artists. The possibility of inviting either Laura Bush or Hilary Clinton is being explored. Buddies from all over North America will be sent to the G8 summit.
Gene Sperling
gsperling@csr.org

France…
The coalition is trying for a formal meeting with Chirac in collaboration with French GCAP coalition and UNESCO. They plan to organise an event on the 21st June on the day of the Summer festival when all the streets in France are filled with bands and music, involving a band and the children with the ‘friends’ hand over to either other G8 embassies or another political figures i.e. ministry of foreign affairs
Contact:Carole
ccoupez@solidarite-laique.asso.fr

Germany…
They are planning a meeting on 14th June with their Commissioner for Africa who is coming to G8. The Under-Secretary of State of Chancellor Schroder, Mrs Uschi Eid. She has asked NGOs to meet with her before she comes over. The German GCE group will hand over the cut-outs and take photos of the event for the media. They will also write a letter to Schroder with the outcomes of the activities and publicise their activities to the delegates.

Tanzania…
TEN/MET, a very large national education network, and its members including Oxfam, Fawe and Haki Elimu, are planning events in two rural districts on the 16th. Members of Parliament, TV and radio journalists, and representatives of G8 embassies will carry out simultaneous visits to schools that participated in the ‘Send My Friend to School’ activities in April.
Contact:
rosaline.castillo@gmail.com
ANCEFA: gorgui@ancefa.org

Ethiopia…
In coordination with the GCAP coalition, the GCE and ANCEFA member coalition BEN is planning a day long programme with G8 embassy officials, Ethiopian radio and TV, government officials and children from the schools who took part in the GCE’s send my friend campaigns global week of action. The compere will be Ato Tesfaye Sahillu, a well-known children’s TV presenter.
Contact: ben@ethionet.et

Ireland…
 The Irish Coalition are organising a media/public awareness raising event on the 15th June to post the Irish Friends to the G8 with the theme; "Educ8 to End Global Poverty". Children representing each G8 country will be present. The Minister for Education and Science, Ms.M.Hanafin has been invited to officiate. Eight boxes containing Friends will be prepared addressed to each G8 leader. Particularly good-looking lifesize Friends, wearing white bands, will be displayed by each child.
Contact:
Caroline.Maxwell@actionaidireland.org or lizzy.noone@concern.net

Singapore…
The GCE members led by World Vision are doing a 30 hour famine camp and making cut-out friends as one of the workshop activities during the camp. These 'friends' will be 'launched' over to G8 with media coverage.
Contact: Ranjini Mei Hua Sri
run_genie@hotmail.com

EU…
Special hearing on EU aid to education will take place in the European Parliament on 22 June with Louis Michel (development commissioner), Amina Ibrahim (Nigerian MOE and member of the Sachs commission education task force) and Assibi Napoe (coordinator, African teachers' union federation).

India
GCE member coalition, NCE, is planning a send off of ‘friends’ at the end of June and targeting cricketers and Bollywood stars.
Contact:
sumansaccs@yahoo.com

Uruguay
As follow up to the Global Week of Action the International Council for Adult Education along with the Popular Education Network of Women from Latin America and the Caribbean (REPEM) have organised an exhibition of the cut-out ‘friends’ called "Voices Urging for Action".

In "Voices Urging for Action’ is made of a selection of the life-size cut-out friends elaborated by boys, girls, young and adult women and men, in most of the provinces of the country urban and rural.

The exhibit "Voices Urging for Action" is the first exhibition of the Open Space to the Organized Society hosted by The President of the Chamber of Representatives,Ms Nora Castro
Contact: Marcela Hernandez - International Council for Adult Education
secretariat@icae.org.uy

Rwanda
VSO as part of the GCE Rwandan coalition is inviting the Minister of Education and State Minister and a number of G8 embassies to receive the ‘friends’ cut-outs and pledge to take the messages from the children of Rwanda to the G8

The children will read messages and hand the friends to VIPs, do a role play signifying children missing out of education.
Ruth.Mbabazi@vsoint.org

Ivory Coast
The GCE coalition made an incredible 2 million cut-out ‘friends’ during the Global Week of Action. As part of the Send My Friend final launch to the G8, the plans are to do handovers in 3 main places:

·       
the international airport HOUPHOUET Boigny of Côte d’Ivoire in Abidjan
·       the embassies of the USA and France
·       the large Bus station

Two giants plane will be made and deposited in front of each embassy.

The Prime Minister and  the national advisor of the President Gbagbo, Mr Anougble are expected to attend. Other local celebrities and footballers are also expected to take part.

There are also plans for a concert in July.
kmalanhoua@yahoo.fr

Sierra Leone
As part of the GCAP plans on June 16th, there will be a public rally through the streets accompanied by school bands. Schools will be selected to organise others on the rally to make ‘friends’ cut-outs to represent the 375,000 children not in school in Sierra Leone. These will be sent to the Education Minister. At the end of the rally, students will make presentations about the need for better quality education for all and the need for 100 debt cancellation.
Contact:

Kenya
As one part of the GCAP campaign, and partnering with Actionaid there will be a major road show and children’s ‘fun  day’ on the 18th June. The road show will have a truck with ‘;send my friend to school’ messages and this will drive through Nairobi and ending  at a popular children’s sports area and will fininsh with competitions and games. Children will make  their cut out ‘friends. It is expected that a further 10, 000 ‘friends’ with messages for the G8 leaders will be made on the day.

Contact:
Elimuyetu.Kenya@actionaid.org

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3.- Gender and GCAP Africa - Statement

Women’s organisations from different parts of Africa will gather on 21 and 22 June 2005 in Johannesburg to add their voices to the Global Call Against Poverty. They will be joining thousands of people around the world in solidarity against poverty in order to put pressure on governments to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and to demand trade justice, debt cancellation and a major increase in the quantity and quality of aid.
But they also want to say to their governments, to the international organisations, to their societies at large and to their brothers and sisters in the GCAP campaign, that overcoming poverty and ensuring the fulfilment of women’s human rights, goes beyond achieving the minimal targets set in the MDG.
Women from all over the continent will therefore come together to demand:
1.      Keep and fulfil the old promises, those set up in Beijing, Vienna, Cairo, Durban and Johannesburg. Reaffirm that gender equality, women’s empowerment and the enjoyment by women of all human rights and fundamental freedoms are essential to create a world in which all can live free from want, free from fear, and free to live in dignity.
2.      Reaffirm education as a fundamental right, not just for primary education but for life, enabling women and girls to become full citizens as a result of their education in environments that are free of gender biases and stereotypes, safe and without violence.
3.      African women are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. Governments must urgently commit themselves to a radical agenda that will transform power relations and all other factors that are driving the epidemic.
4.      Promote and protect women’s rights in conflict, and from the threat of all forms of fundamentalisms, be it religious, or economic.
5.      Adopt laws, policies, and promote practices that protect the rights of women and promote gender equality.

With respect to trade, debt and aid, African women will demand in Johannesburg and throughout the campaign that all decisions taken at the G8 Meeting, the Millennium + 5 and the WTO prioritise empowering women through achieving gender equality goals as contained in the Beijing Platform for Action and the International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action.

KEEP THE PROMISES. WOMEN’S RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS

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4.-NAIROBI STATEMENT: Eradicating poverty through fulfilling commitments and upholding Women’s Rights

Preamble-

From a women’s human rights perspective, poverty is not merely a state of low income but a human condition characterised by the sustained deprivation of the capabilities, choices and power necessary for the enjoyment of fundamental rights. Poverty is created, sustained and reinforced by systemic imbalances in wealth and power which in turn perpetuate human rights violations, gender inequalities and economic injustice.
Sufficient income is necessary to lowering poverty, but getting communities out of poverty will depend on women’s leadership, access to education, time, land, healthcare and credit, as well as women enjoying their reproductive and sexual rights, freedom from violence, and equal rights in the family and in society. 

African women are disproportionately affected by poverty in the most extreme ways. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest HIV infection rate with women accounting for more than half of the people living with HIV. As well as being the majority who are infected by HIV, women also have serious constraints in accessing health care and essential services and at the same time, they have the greatest burden in providing care and support to families and community members. 

We are deeply  concerned that there does not appear to be concerted effort continue to uphold and fulfil previous international commitments  among them  the Beijing Platform for Action, the International Conference on Population and Development-ICPD/Cairo commitments and other regional agreements.  These now appear to have been completely over-taken and over-shadowed by the very narrow agenda set out in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Thus for example the Beijing 12 critical areas of concern have been “reduced” to one MDG (#3).

We urge the international community to reaffirm the critical importance of gender equality, women’s empowerment and the promotion and protection of human rights of women. African women demand that the old promises as laid out in all the international conferences of the 1990s including: Vienna, Cairo, and Beijing be kept and fulfilled; and that these are included in any frameworks- old or new- addressing development and poverty.

We are therefore, making the following specific demands:

1.      Keep and fulfil the old promises

Governments must reaffirm that gender equality, women’s empowerment and the promotion and protection of the full enjoyment by women of all human rights and fundamental freedoms are essential to create a world in which all are free from want, free from fear and free to live in dignity. The international community must re-affirm and include all the 12 critical areas of concern in the Beijing Platform For Action: poverty, education and training, health, violence, armed conflict, economy, decision-making, institutional mechanisms, human rights, media, environment and the girl-child. Governments must fulfil the promises as contained in the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women, (CEDAW), Nairobi Forward Looking Strategies, (‘85), Vienna Declaration on Human Rights (’93), ICPD- Cairo (’94), as well as the 7 strategic priority areas recommended by the Gender Equality and Education Taskforce of the Millennium Project for the realization of MDG #3.

1.1     Reaffirm education as a fundamental right in itself and as an enabling right. In addition we urge governments to:
·       
Go beyond primary education and provide post-primary opportunities for girls
·       Eliminate all user fees
·       Provide opportunities for non-formal education for women and girls
·       Enhance the quality of education and provide infrastructure such as separate toilets
·       Enhance the content of education and eliminate gender biases and stereotypes
·       Ensure safe schooling environments and eliminate violence as a structural barrier to access and retention of girls in schools. 

1.2     Refine the monitoring frameworks for measuring gender equality

The UN Secretary General must further refine the monitoring framework to accelerate progress toward the implementation of the MDGs, in particular there is need to refine the indicators for measuring Goal number 3.

2. Focus on emerging urgent agendas

In addition to fulfilling the long standing agenda, we urge governments and the United Nations to focus on the emerging and urgent issues currently affecting women on the African continent. These include in order of priority: 

2.1 The scourge of HIV & AIDS

African women are disproportionately affected by HIV/ & AIDS. We call upon governments to urgently commit themselves to a radical agenda that will transform power relations as well as all other factors that are driving the epidemic. In particular this must address: 
·       Access to treatment and care for women and girls in their own right as citizens
·       Appropriate prevention messages and programmes for women and girls
·       Relieving and/or compensating women and girls of the burden of home based care
·       Eliminating violence against women, in particular sexual violence
·       Women and girls rights to inheritance and property ownership
·       Provision  of meaningful livelihood and economic empowerment interventions

2.2 Promote and protect women’s rights in conflict

African women are disproportionately affected by conflict and are primary targets for violence. Conflict is a key driver of poverty and HIV/AIDS, as women get subjected to displacement, material loss, identity loss and the breakdown of basic social services and networks. We are demanding that this is included as a key concern in addressing development in Africa and new commitments are made to ensure women’s rights are upheld in areas that are affected and prone to conflict, war and violence. Governments must:

·       Continue to condemn all violations of the human rights of women and girls in situations of armed conflict and the use of sexual exploitation, violence and abuse,
·       Commit to establishing and implementing strategies and programmes to prevent and report on gender-based violence.
·       Commit to implement UN Security Council Resolution 1325 by taking further steps to ensure the integration of gender perspectives and the full and equal participation of women at all levels of decision-making on peace and security
·       Adopt laws, where necessary, and reinforce existing laws that punish police, security forces or any other agents of the State who engage in acts of violence against women in the course of the performance of their duties; review existing legislation and take effective measures against the perpetrators of such violence


2.3  Promote and protect women’s rights from the threat of fundamentalisms

The so-called ‘War on Terror’, has fuelled a rise in fundamentalisms of various kinds. Coupled with the rise in poverty and HIV & AIDS, African women are experiencing increasing persecution, violence and constraints on their basic freedoms. More worrisome is the increase in militarization and a culture of militarization which poses major threats to women’s security. Within this context, women’s bodies, women’s movements, and women’s personal freedoms have become severely circumscribed.  We therefore demand that;
·       Women’s rights not be co-opted through agendas put forth by fundamentalist groups using religious and/or economic messages.
·       Governments must continue to uphold and promote women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights as contained in agreed upon international commitments
·       No international donor government must impose its religious agenda as a condition for  funding, particularly for HIV & AIDS work.

2.4   Adopt laws, policies, and promote practices that protect the rights of women and promote gender equality
African women are disadvantaged by laws and policies that either discriminate against them blatantly, or are silent about the particular circumstances of women.  Unless African governments repeal these laws, enact new ones or take steps to transform gender relations women and girls will continue to be disproportionately affected by poverty, violence, and HIV & AIDS among other key problems. We therefore call on African governments to prioritize:
·       Passing laws and policies protecting women’s rights to access and control land as a productive resource.
·       Adopting laws and promote policies that will protect women and girls’ inheritance rights.
·       Support democracy in their own countries, their regions and the world, by guaranteeing the political rights of women and gender balance in political representation at all levels.

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5.- NAIROBI STATEMENT: Women’s Rights, Aid, Trade and Debt

Preamble:

Africa’s current debt stock stands at more than USD 300 billion and the continent spends more than USD 15 billion every year in debt servicing. This translates to about 30-40% of most African governments’ annual budgets, crippling their abilities to provide basic social services such as education, health, water and sanitation. The debt burden coupled with the decreasing and poor quality of aid (with conditionalities) and worsening terms of trade has had adverse effects on the lives of African women.

African women bear the brunt of ensuring food security, producing for international and domestic markets, as well as supplementing health care systems by providing their unpaid and underpaid labour. This has led to the increased feminisation of poverty, thereby compromising all poverty eradication efforts.

Most international policy making processes and agreements on trade, aid, and debt have largely ignored the specific problems, needs and rights of women. This is accentuated by the lack of critical analysis and gender perspectives on each of these issues and their implications on women. It is our view that all issues are “gendered”. It is therefore imperative that gender analysis pervades both discourse and policy.

African women call upon governments and the international community to commit themselves to the following:

1. Aid
1.1 International community

·       
Eliminate all aid conditionalities, in particular those that would require further economic restructuring, or denial of public goods or of reproductive and sexual health services to women and girls
·       Aid should however, prioritize empowering women through achieving gender equality goals as contained in the Beijing platform for Action and the ICPD programme of action.
·       Aid should be in the form of grants not loans (as loans increase the debt burden of poor countries).
·       Governments should meet their commitments to development assistance  meeting the target of minimum 0.7% of GNP.
·       

1.2 National governments

·       Gender sensitive analysis and budgeting that prioritises women’s needs
·       Prudent use of aid resources to ensure that women benefit
·       Ensuring that women access basic social services like health, reproductive health, and education by directing more aid to these sectors.
·       Governments must consult all key stakeholders, especially women, prior to contracting new aid (especially loans).
·       Actively involve women in all stages of policymaking i.e. conceptualization, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development processes.

We are therefore calling on women to continue to put pressure on national governments and donors to demand gender sensitive policies and budgets, as well as holding governments accountable.

2. Debt
Much of the debt of developing countries is being paid for by poor women. Currently women are providing healthcare, education, child and elder care, and other services which support families, societies and economies as part of their unpaid labour.  In order to eradicate poverty and advance human rights therefore, debt must be cancelled, resources shared equitably and essential services must be provided by the state.
2.1 International community
·       100% unconditional cancellation of debts of the most highly indebted and poorest countries (HIPC)
·       Agree to unconditional debt cancellation of all illegitimate debts, such as those that cannot be serviced without causing significant harm to women, those incurred by corruption and fraud and those with exorbitant interest rates, taking into account that any ‘debt sustainability’ analysis must include an audit of the legitimacy or illegitimacy of all previous debts
·       Establish an independent, transparent arbitration process for debt cancellation and an ethical lending and borrowing mechanism to prevent further recurrence of the debt crisis

2.2 National governments

·       Ensure prudent use of debt cancellation resources to ensure they benefit women and promote gender equality, as well as provide the necessary essential services.
·       Put mechanisms for overseeing gender-sensitive loan contraction mechanisms to ensure that the debt crisis does not recur.
·       To practise responsible borrowing and ensuring that civil society, including women’s organizations are consulted in any agreements that national governments take on regarding lending or borrowing.

3. Trade 
Trade expansion  both within and across borders  has been dependent on poor women’s labour.  Trade justice therefore implies not only more equitable terms of trade and national economic sovereignty, but also guaranteeing women’s rights.
3.1 International community

·       UN - ECOSOC must commission a comprehensive social and gender sensitive review of the current process of trade liberalization, trade expansion and intensification and their utility and efficacy for just, equitable and sustainable development, paying particular attention to the concerns of women, and to the impact of the privatization of services under GATS on women
·       A stop to trade liberalization, as it leads to undesirable consequences such as dumping of cheap products which adversely affects national food sovereignty, pushing women out of the formal sector and contributing to increased exploitation and loss of livelihoods.
·       A stop to export-driven economies, as they put increasing burdens on women who are often the providers of cheap labour without reaping the benefits of profits.
·       Trade agreements must stop pushing national governments into a privatisation agenda, which puts basic social services in the hands of the private sector making them inaccessible to poor African women.
·       Remove subsidies, tariffs and non tariff barriers in international markets, which negatively impact on women’s earning capacity.
·       To find a solution to urgently deal with the continued falling commodity prices as they reduce the women’s incomes.
·       Ensure women’s land rights, labour rights and decent jobs, as well as protecting women’s agricultural activities, maintaining food security, livelihoods and traditional knowledge.
·       Develop policies so that the benefits of trade will advance development objectives, including international commitments to women’s rights.

3.2 National governments

·       Regulate operations of Transnational National Corporations (TNCs) to protect the rights of women.
·       Put in place policies that will promote, guarantee and support women‘s entrepreneurship, land rights, labour rights and decent livelihoods.
·       Protect women’s agricultural rights.
·       Protect women’s traditional/indigenous knowledge from bio-piracy by TNCs.
·       Develop policies so that the benefit of trade will advance development objectives and reach the most marginalized especially poor women.
·       Conduct public consultations and policy reviewswith relevant sectors, including women’s organizations and networks, aimed at anticipatingthe impact on women of bilateral, regional and international trade agreements, in order to identify potential negative impact on women with respect to earning levels, job security, labor standards, unpaid work burdens and access to productive and natural resources.

·       Resist International Financial Institutions’ (IFIs) privatization and liberalization agendas which have adverse effects on women.